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English study notes

Free English notes for UPSC, SSC, banking and railway exams: every topic with the key facts, exam traps and a practice quiz. About 87minutes in all: read them in order, then take each topic's quiz to lock it in.

  1. Synonyms & Antonyms: Word List and Tricks for SSC and Bank Exams

    7 min read

    How to crack synonym and antonym MCQs: tone elimination, roots and prefixes, 40 high-frequency exam words, confusable pairs and traps.

  2. Spelling and Word Swap: Notes for SSC and Bank Exams

    8 min read

    Spelling rules that settle most misspelt-word MCQs, exam-favourite words with memory hooks, and a step-by-step method for word swap.

  3. Homonyms and Confusable Words: Notes for SSC CHSL and Other Exams

    8 min read

    Homonyms, homophones and look-alike word pairs that SSC loves, with meanings, example sentences and memory hooks to tell them apart.

  4. One-Word Substitution: Word Lists and Roots for SSC Exams

    6 min read

    High-frequency one-word substitutions grouped by theme, with the Greek and Latin roots that let you decode words you have never seen.

  5. Idioms and Phrases: Meanings and Tricks for SSC Exams

    7 min read

    More than 50 high-frequency idioms and phrasal verbs with meanings, grouped by theme, plus a method to beat the literal-meaning trap in idiom MCQs.

  6. Error Spotting: Grammar Rules for SSC and Bank Exams

    7 min read

    The grammar rules behind most spot-the-error questions. Agreement, tenses, pronouns, articles, prepositions and conjunctions. With wrong and right examples.

  7. Fill in the Blanks: Strategy for SSC and Bank Exams

    7 min read

    How to solve grammar and vocabulary blanks: predict the word, read signal words, check the part of speech, and learn fixed prepositions and pairs.

  8. Sentence Improvement: Notes for SSC and Bank Exams

    6 min read

    Rules for sentence improvement and phrase replacement: conditionals, gerunds, prepositions, comparisons, modifiers and redundancy, with fresh examples.

  9. Active and Passive Voice: Rules and Tense Table for SSC Exams

    6 min read

    How to change active to passive and back: the three-step method, a full tense table, and rules for questions, commands, modals and two objects.

  10. Direct and Indirect Speech: Narration Rules for SSC Exams

    7 min read

    Narration rules in one place: tense back-shift, pronoun and time-word changes, and how to report questions, commands, requests, suggestions and exclamations.

  11. Para Jumbles and Sentence Rearrangement: Method for SSC and Bank Exams

    6 min read

    A clue-based method for para jumbles and sentence-part rearrangement: find the opener, build linked pairs, follow connectors, then test the options.

  12. Cloze Test: Method and Tips for SSC and Bank Exams

    6 min read

    How to solve cloze tests: read for the theme first, run a grammar check and a meaning check on every blank, and use collocations and connectors.

  13. Reading Comprehension: Strategy for SSC and Bank Exams

    6 min read

    How to read a passage fast and answer main idea, detail, inference, vocabulary, tone and title questions, with the traps examiners plant in options.

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