Statement & Assumption Quiz: Drawing Inferences Practice

Spoilers! These are the Starter quiz’s answers. Easy, Medium, Hard and Mixed rounds show their own answers when you finish.

1. Statement: "Please carry an umbrella; it may rain this evening." Assumptions: I. An umbrella can protect a person from rain. II. It always rains in the evening. Which is implicit?

   • Only I
   • Only II
   • Both I and II
   • Neither I nor II

   Answer: Only I. The advice makes sense only if an umbrella helps in rain (I). "It may rain" rules out "it always rains", so II is not assumed.

2. Statement: "The municipality has announced a fine of Rs 500 for littering in public parks." Assumptions: I. A fine may discourage people from littering. II. Some people litter in public parks. Which is implicit?

   • Only I
   • Only II
   • Both I and II
   • Neither I nor II

   Answer: Both I and II. A penalty is announced only if littering happens (II) and only if a fine is expected to deter it (I).

3. Statement: "Join XYZ Academy for success in competitive exams," says an advertisement. Assumptions: I. All other academies fail their students. II. People want to succeed in competitive exams. Which is implicit?

   • Only I
   • Only II
   • Both I and II
   • Neither I nor II

   Answer: Only II. An advertisement assumes there is demand for what it offers (II). It does not assume anything extreme about every other academy (I).

4. Fact: Every student who passed the exam attended the revision class. Meena did not attend the revision class. Which conclusion follows?

   • Meena passed the exam
   • Meena may have passed the exam
   • Meena did not take the exam
   • Meena did not pass the exam

   Answer: Meena did not pass the exam. If passing requires attending, then not attending means not passing. Whether she sat the exam is not stated, so only "did not pass" follows.

5. Fact: If it rains, the match is cancelled. The match was cancelled. What can be concluded?

   • It rained
   • It did not rain
   • It may or may not have rained
   • The match was held later

   Answer: It may or may not have rained. The match could have been cancelled for another reason. Concluding "it rained" is the classic error of reasoning backwards from the result.

6. Statement: "The government has decided to set up more fast-charging stations for electric vehicles along highways." Assumptions: I. The number of electric vehicles using highways is expected to grow. II. Petrol vehicles will be banned from highways. Which is implicit?

   • Only I
   • Only II
   • Both I and II
   • Neither I nor II

   Answer: Only I. Building chargers assumes there will be EVs to use them (I). Nothing in the decision implies banning petrol vehicles (II).

7. Notice: "Do not use the lift in case of fire." Assumptions: I. People in the building do not use the stairs. II. A lift may become unsafe during a fire. Which is implicit?

   • Only I
   • Only II
   • Both I and II
   • Neither I nor II

   Answer: Only II. The warning exists because a lift can fail or trap people in a fire (II). It actually assumes the stairs are the alternative, so I is not implicit.

8. Fact: In a town, every bus is either red or blue. No red bus runs at night. A bus is seen running at night. What can be concluded?

   • It is blue
   • It is red
   • It may be red or blue
   • It is neither red nor blue

   Answer: It is blue. The bus must be red or blue, and it cannot be red because red buses do not run at night. So it is blue.

9. Statement: "Parents are requested to send children by school bus instead of private vehicles to reduce traffic jams at the gate." Assumptions: I. Many children now come by private vehicles. II. A school bus carries more children per vehicle than a private car. Which is implicit?

   • Only I
   • Only II
   • Both I and II
   • Neither I nor II

   Answer: Both I and II. The request makes sense only if private vehicles are common now (I) and if shifting children to buses means fewer vehicles at the gate (II).

10. Statement: "Ramesh bought a new phone with a bigger battery." Assumptions: I. Ramesh's old phone was stolen. II. Phones with bigger batteries are cheaper. Which is implicit?

    • Only I
    • Only II
    • Both I and II
    • Neither I nor II

    Answer: Neither I nor II. People buy phones for many reasons, so theft is not assumed (I), and nothing links battery size to price (II).